commit 9b9d44c384f8a7cf652e0b5d73f015a206b8190e
Author: Jason Thistlethwaite <jason.thistlethwaite@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri May 1 06:48:52 2026 -0400

    Initial commit

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
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+## AppArmor bwrap fix
+
+Ubuntu 24.04 and later can restrict unprivileged user namespaces through
+AppArmor. When that restriction applies to Bubblewrap, tools that use `bwrap`
+for sandboxed execution may fail before the intended command starts.
+
+One common symptom is:
+
+```text
+bwrap: loopback: Failed RTM_NEWADDR: Operation not permitted
+```
+
+This project installs a small AppArmor profile for `/usr/bin/bwrap` that keeps
+the profile otherwise unconfined while explicitly allowing user namespace
+creation.
+
+## Install
+
+Review the profile first:
+
+```bash
+sed -n '1,120p' profiles/usr.bin.bwrap
+```
+
+Install and reload it with:
+
+```bash
+sudo ./install.sh
+```
+
+The installer copies `profiles/usr.bin.bwrap` to
+`/etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.bwrap` and reloads it with `apparmor_parser -r`.
+
+## Verify
+
+Run:
+
+```bash
+./verify.sh
+```
+
+The verifier prints the relevant namespace sysctls, checks that the bwrap
+profile is installed, and runs a minimal Bubblewrap smoke test.
+
+## Security notes
+
+This does not change system sysctl settings. It adds a targeted AppArmor profile
+for `/usr/bin/bwrap` with the `userns` permission needed by Bubblewrap on
+affected Ubuntu systems.
+
+The profile is intentionally limited to bwrap. Browser-specific profiles and
+per-user home directory paths are out of scope for this project.
diff --git a/install.sh b/install.sh
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+++ b/install.sh
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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+if [[ ${EUID} -ne 0 ]]; then
+  echo "Run as root: sudo ./install.sh" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! command -v apparmor_parser >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "apparmor_parser is required but was not found" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+repo_dir="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+profile_dir="${repo_dir}/profiles"
+target_dir="/etc/apparmor.d"
+
+profiles=(
+  "usr.bin.bwrap"
+)
+
+for profile in "${profiles[@]}"; do
+  source="${profile_dir}/${profile}"
+  target="${target_dir}/${profile}"
+
+  if [[ ! -f "${source}" ]]; then
+    echo "Missing profile template: ${source}" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  install -m 0644 -o root -g root "${source}" "${target}"
+  apparmor_parser -r "${target}"
+  echo "Loaded ${target}"
+done
+
+echo "Targeted AppArmor user namespace profile installed."
+echo "No sysctl settings were changed."
diff --git a/profiles/usr.bin.bwrap b/profiles/usr.bin.bwrap
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+++ b/profiles/usr.bin.bwrap
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+abi <abi/4.0>,
+include <tunables/global>
+
+# Give bubblewrap a named AppArmor profile that is otherwise unconfined, but
+# explicitly allows user namespace creation on Ubuntu 24.04+.
+profile bwrap /usr/bin/bwrap flags=(unconfined) {
+  userns,
+
+  # Site-specific additions and overrides. See /etc/apparmor.d/local/README.
+  include if exists <local/usr.bin.bwrap>
+}
diff --git a/verify.sh b/verify.sh
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+++ b/verify.sh
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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+echo "== AppArmor namespace sysctls =="
+sysctl kernel.apparmor_restrict_unprivileged_userns kernel.unprivileged_userns_clone
+
+echo
+echo "== Profile files =="
+profile="/etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.bwrap"
+if [[ -f "${profile}" ]]; then
+  echo "present: ${profile}"
+else
+  echo "missing: ${profile}"
+fi
+
+echo
+echo "== bubblewrap smoke test =="
+/usr/bin/bwrap \
+  --ro-bind /usr /usr \
+  --ro-bind /bin /bin \
+  --ro-bind /lib /lib \
+  --ro-bind /lib64 /lib64 \
+  /bin/true
+echo "bwrap smoke test passed"